(1) 1 Stefan SHEWCHUK
Birth14 Dec 1854
Birth PlaceBorivsti, Bukovina, Ukraine
Death1923, age: 68
FatherIvan SHEWCHUK
MotherVasylena HUNCHAK
Occupationfarmer
SHEWCHUK Family Tree
by Harry F. Shewchuk
When Austria, Russian and Prussia invaded Poland in 1772 during the reigns of Maria Theresa of Austria and Catherine II of Russia, the province of Galicia was taken over by Austria, while the rest of Poland was divided by Russian and Prussia. Three years later in 1775, Austria drove Turkey out of the province of Bukovina and occupied it also.
When Austria occupied Galicia, Austria had not taken away all the power from the Polish landlords. They had the right to maintain an army for its own protection, however, some of the young men they recruited were sent into the Polish guerrilla army. These young men were selectively picked from the surrounding towns and villages over which each landlord dominated.
Two Shewchuk brothers, who lived in the village of Chorney Potik in the province of Galicia, refused to be taken into the landlords army and fled the village. They crossed the Dniester River and proceeded south to live in the province of Bukovina, which was less populated and a much safer place to live. One of the brothers settled in the village of Borivtsi and the other settled in the village of Kitsman, several villages to the south east. The latter Shewchuk brothers’ family history is unknown.
The Shewchuk that settled in the village of Borivtsi, Bukovina, Ukraine had two sons, one was Stefan and the name of the other is unknown.
Stefan married the daughter of Ivan Skoreyko and had three daughters and a son Ivan. Stefan lived until he was 93 years old. Stefan Shewchuk’s son Ivan married Vasylena Hunchak, daughter of Onufrei Hunchak. They had three sons; Stefan, Petro and Georgi.
Ivan and Vasylena Shewchuk’s first son Stefan was born December 14th 1854 in Borivtsi, Bukovina, Ukraine and married Anastasia Fedorak, who was born April 2nd 1859 in Bukovina. Seven children were born in the Ukraine namely: Elena, Ivan, Georgi, Maria, Vasyl, Michael and Onufrei. They immigrated to Canada, sailing on the SS Assyria from Hamburg Germany on May 5th 1900 and arriving in Halifax, Nova Scotia on May 18th 1900. An eighth child, Nicolai was born in Canada. Upon arriving in Halifax they traveled by train to Strathcona, Alberta (now Edmonton), the trip took approximately one week.
On arrival in Edmonton, Alberta, they were to be met by Stefan’s brother-in law Ivan Shymko, he misjudged their arrival time and was not there to greet them. Son Ivan Shewchuk , age 17, with friend Ivan Farrus took off walking along the Victoria Trail following telegraph line to Pakan, Alberta. They met Ivan Shymko along the trail coming into Edmonton by horse and wagon to pick them up and take them to their homestead. They lived for a time with Ivan Shymko on a farm near Andrew, Alberta. Later Ivan Shymko moved to Eagle Hill, AB. Stefan Shewchuk moved to his new homestead in the Whitford, Alberta area.
Stefan filed claim on land SE12-57-15W4, N.W.T. on July 19th 1900, which was the original homestead, and still remains property in the family. Having lived in Canada for three years and having complied with all requirements of the “Naturalization Act”, Stefan Shewchuk and family were naturalized as British subjects in the Dominion of Canada - North West Territories on October 26th 1904. Stefan was thereby granted all political and other rights, powers and privileges entitled to a natural born British subject.
Origin Of Names
~ Stefan (Steve) M. Shewchuk
G Grandson to Stefan Shewchuk
Ukrainian names, their spelling and pronunciation come in various forms as they were influenced by the German, Polish, Russian and Romanian dialects.
The name Shewchuk as used today was spelled Schewchuk as indicated on Stefan’s birth certificate. The ch is shown as r in cryillic form used by Romanian clergy.
As Petro Shewchuk traveled to Poland his passport showed him as Petro Szewzuk.
In the Ukraine today, translated in English, Shewchuk is pronounced and written as Shevchek.
It was an old custom with Ukrainians to name children after Saints and historic Christian characters. First names were taken from the birth date of the Patron Saint. For example, Mykailo (Michael) was given to the child born closest to November 21st or in memory of a family member of the same name.
Names were also changed, for example, the Ukrainian name Onopriy was used as Onoprey, Onufrey or Onufrie. In Canada it was translated to Humphrey, Fred or Frank. The name Mykola was used and spelled as Nicoli, Nickolai, Nicholas, Nickolas or Nick.
Anglicization of Ukrainian names began in the late 1920’s. Stephan (pronounced Step’han in Ukrainian) was Stefan and Anglicized to Steve, Stephen or Steve. Vasyl and Wasyl was Anglicized to Basil, Bill or William. Anastasia or Nastasia became Nancy or Nettie when Anglicized.
We did try wherever possible to use the original baptized name or the name the person was known as or Anglicized at present.
In the case where corrections are required you should advise the contact person for your part of the family as detailed earlier in this booklet.
Canadian Journey
By Harry F. Shewchuk
(G. Grandson to Stefan & Anastasia Shewchuk)
Emigration
“Come to Canada! Be your own master on your own land!” In the last decade of the nineteenth century the call went out throughout Europe. The European peasants were to give up their present life of poverty for a better future in the rich lands of the Canadian West.
For this reason, Clifford Sifton, minister responsible for immigration in the Laurier government, turned to continental Europe, and in particular middle and eastern Europe, in his search for immigrants.
To make the prospect of homesteading attractive, Canada offered 160 acres of land for the nominal sum of ten dollars. The immigrants would have an opportunity for greater prosperity than would ever have been possible in their homelands.
The peasant farmers in the western Ukrainian provinces of Galicia and Bukovina, which were under Austrian rule, heard of the call and lost little time in taking advantage of Canada’s offer. The great majority of Ukrainian peasants were born into a life of extreme poverty and oppression, from which there was no prospect of improvement. Canada offered them hope for the future.
Encouraged by letters from friends who had gone earlier, and by shipping agents commissioned by the Canadian government to recruit immigrants, thousands of Ukrainian peasants decided to make the break with their homeland and seek their fortunes in faraway Canada.
The decision to relocate to a foreign country halfway around the world was not an easy one to make. To break ties with the relatives and friends was a painful step. But the situation at home was hopeless.
Vasyl Eleniak and Ivan Pylypiw, two men from the village of Nevilius in Galicia, were officially recognized as the first Ukrainian immigrants to Canada. They arrived in Montreal on the ship “Oregan” in September 1891 and settled in Alberta, Eleniak near the present town of Chipman, and Pylypiw at Star. Alberta, a hamlet located forty miles east of Edmonton, was the site of the first permanent Ukrainian settlement in Canada.
During the first few years of immigration into Canada, Ukrainians were registered under a wide variety of national categories. When registered by citizenship, they were called Austrians. When registered by province of origin, they were called GaliciansRuthenes, Rusyns and Bukovinians. Many were recorded as Ruthenians, little Russians or Poles. The term Ukrainian was rarely used before the First World War.
Most Ukrainian immigrants came from the western provinces of Galicia and Bukovina, which was swallowed up by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
As Austrian subjects, all men of Galicia and Bukovina were inducted into the Austrian army for three years at the age of eighteen. To avoid military service, it became common practice for the young men approaching their eighteenth birthdays to emigrate to Canada, usually with their families.
In 1899 thirty-two families from the village of Toporiwtsi, in Bukovina, emigrated to Canada together and settled seventy miles north east of Edmonton. During the decade 1900 to 1910, more families from Ukraine abandoned their villages for Canada.
Preparing To Leave
Permanent relocation to Canada required extensive preparation. Once the decision to emigrate was made, each family had to find the means to gather significant amounts of money. There were numerous expenses to be met. First, the cost of the journey, by land to the port of departure, usually Hamburg, then by sea, then by land again to the chosen destination in Canada. This traveling expense for a family could easily come to two or three hundred dollars.
In addition, each family had to have at least twenty-five dollars upon landing in Canada. This was insurance to guarantee that none of the immigrants would require immediate assistance from the Canadian government. Immigrants were also encouraged to bring extra cash to tide themselves over until such time as they could establish themselves on their Canadian homesteads.
The Journey
Stefan and Anastasia Shewchuk and their seven children Elena, Ivan, Georgi, Maria, Vasyl, Michael and Onufrei (an eighth child, Nicolai, was born in Canada) left their village of Borivtsi, Bukovina, Ukraine in the spring for the departure port of Hamburg Germany. On May 5th, 1900 they sailed on the ship SS Assyria arriving in Halifax, Nova Scotia May 18th, 1900.
Immigrant memories of the ocean voyage to Canada were almost always the same. People were crammed into ships in large numbers, the food was inedible, sea sickness was universal and at times deaths occurred on board.
Upon landing in Halifax the immigrants were met by government officials who checked their financial resources and by doctors who examined them for communicable diseases.
Then the second leg of the journey began, the journey by train to the prairies. The train ride of several days ended in Strathcona, Alberta (now Edmonton). The railroad stations were packed with people speaking a wide variety of languages most of which the Ukrainians did not understand. Some immigrants were met at the station by relatives or other countrymen who had come earlier. Others gathered in large immigration halls erected by the government as temporary shelters.
To The Homestead
The trails to the homestead were rough, often crossing deep pools of water. Sleeping in wagons overcrowded with baggage, or beside campfires. One was fortunate to encounter an earlier settler who would offer lodging for the night.
The land in western Canada was surveyed and divided into townships and sections. Each township consisted of thirty-six sections; a section being a square with sides one mile in length and contained 640 acres. The homesteads that were offered to the new settlers for the fee of $10.00 were a quarter section of land; one and a half miles square containing 160 acres.
Making A Home
During the initial period on the homestead, the settlers were concerned with only one thing: survival. The first 3 to 4 years in the new land were the hardest.
When erecting the first shelter on the homestead the only consideration was speed and ease of construction. The settlers quickly cut down trees and put together a log and sod-brick dugout. The dugout provided shelter from the elements.
Finding food was an ever present problem until some land was cleared and cultivated. During the first summer on the land the settlers began the work that would take many years to complete.
Stefan did not need to leave home to seek work as did many other settlers because he had sufficient money to purchase both horses and primary equipment when he first arrived in Canada. Since he already had horses, he could earn additional money by providing transportation and freighting services for other local pioneers.
Stefan’s progress was slow and steady, the mammoth job was to clear and cultivate acreage that would take many years to complete. They dug out trees, picked roots, hauled heavy stones and broke virgin soil. With seeds brought over from the old country they planted their vegetable gardens. It would be years before they harvested their first cash crop. Following is an outline of his progress:
Year…..Acres Cleared…..Crop……..Animals
1900…………6……………..0……2 horses, 6 cattle
1901…………2……………..8……2 horses, 11 cattle
1902…………6…………….14..…2 horses, 12 cattle
1903 ……….9.5………….23.5….2 horses, 20 cattle
1904 …………2…………..25.5….2 horses, 25 cattle, 2 pigs
BULDINGS:
20 x 40 log house
14 x 14 log stable
30 x 35 log granary
26 acres fenced
In the period of five years he had accumulated what in those days was a substantial empire.
Retrospective
This was the background from which Ukrainian immigrants emerged. On their homesteads they set out to recreate the way of life they had known in their native villages. They were in a new world and slowly they began to turn their eyes towards it.
Ukrainian immigrants came to Canada seeking a better life. Some thought they were coming to the Promised Land and were disappointed. But eventually most of their dreams were fulfilled. They came for land, and they got land, more than they ever imagined. They wanted freedom from wars and oppression and a brighter future for their children. Today their grandchildren live in peace, liberty and prosperity. It has taken many years, a great deal of hard work and much suffering, but they got from Canada what they wanted. At the same time, they gave much more.
Loyalty to Country
by Stefan (Steve) M. Shewchuk
Stefan and Anastasia had immigrated to Canada from the Habsburg Austria Crown Land of Bukovana. Their citizenship, but not their nationality (Ukrainian), was officially described as “Austrian” or “Austro-Hungarian”. Other Austrian ethnics in this category included Croatians, Serbs, Slovaks, Poles, Italians, Bulgarians, Slovens, Hungarians, Russians, Jews, Romanians and other Europeans. Under the terms of the “War Measures Act” of World War I (1914), those so categorized were subject to imprisonment in one of the twenty-four receiving stations and internment camps across Canada. This same War Measures Act would later be used against Japanese Canadians (1941) and the Quebecquois (1970).
Ukrainians and other ethnics were classified as “enemy aliens” and obligated to report regularly to special registrars or to local North West Mounted Police forces. Stefan Shewchuk, together with his friends, Ewoniak, Hawreliak, Semeniuk, Huculak, plus many other neighbours and friends were given identity cards. These registered “enemy aliens” were required to report each month to the Chief of Police, Postmaster or Justice of the Piece at a place of District residence. Those failing to do so could be subjected to arrest, fine or even imprisonment.
Having naturalization papers and being loyal citizens avoided confinement but still required monthly reporting. The loyalty of Ukrainians to Canada was never in doubt and was openly recognized by the British Empire at that time. Sadly this loyalty was not recognized by the Canadian Government at that time. Several memorials were erected to commemorate these loyal and industrious people, one such monument is erected at the Ukrainian Village east of Edmonton, Alberta.
Loyalty to Family
By Stefan (Steve) M. Shewchuk
(G Grandson to Stefan Shewchuk)
Stefan and Anastasia Shewchuk followed the old Ukrainian tradition; to ensure the entire family was assisted in establishing a future. Sons had to have land after marriage, daughters and their husbands were all assisted in getting established. Stefan’s life ended in 1923 at age 69 in a horse related accident. Anastasia passed away in 1938 at age 73. Both were laid to rest in the Shandro, AB, Russo Greek Orthodox Church, north of Willingdon, AB; a church which they help start in circa 1905.
Stefan’s oldest son Ivan (John) was of age to own his own land and acquired land north of Stefan’s original homestead. He later acquired additional land further north and east of there.
Elena (Helen) Shewchuk, Stefan’s oldest daughter, and Michalio (Mike) Fedorak acquired land west of Stefan’s original homestead and later purchased land across the road to the West. John and Maria Fedorak’s (Stefan’s daughter) original homestead was east of Ivan’s place. They later moved south of Mike Fedorak’s west quarter, then to the Boian District before purchasing a half section two miles north of Willingdon, Alberta (AB). The land was sold and a new quarter purchased north of Willingdon where they retired.
George acquired land one half mile east of Willingdon. After farming for some time, he sold the land and purchased a livery barn in Vegerville, AB. This he sold and moved to Lavoy, AB, and took employment with C.N.R. (Canadian National Railroad), working there until retirement.
Vasyl (Bill) farmed a half mile north of the homestead. He sold this land and opened up a barbershop business in Willingdon and Lac La Biche, AB, and later in Hamilton Ontario.
Onufry’s (Frank’s) land was two miles west and two and one half miles south of Stefan’s original homestead. Upon selling the homestead he moved to Bellis, AB, where we worked as a mechanic at an agricultural implement agency. He later moved to Willingdon, AB, taking employment as an agricultural equipment repairman before moving to Hamilton, ON, to work for International Harvester’s agricultural manufacturing division.
Michael (Mike) was the main family contributor for work on the homestead with his father Stefan. When Stefan passed away each son inherited one sixth of the original 160 acre (one quarter section) homestead. Mike purchased his brothers shares of the farm, taking sole possession of the homestead circa 1924. With the additional purchase of the adjacent C.P.R. quarter section south of the homestead (bordering Cucumber Lake), he now owned two quarters of land or approximately 320 acres. Upon retirement he moved with his wife Christina (Huculak) Shewchuk to Willingdon, AB. All his land, including the original homestead, was sold to his grandson Gerald Tatarin (son of Lena Tatarin (Shewchuk)) and remains in the family to this day. Approximately four acres of Mike’s original land purchase, on the south shore of Cucumber Lake, remains in the Shewchuk family name, owned by David Shewchuk, son of Paul M. Shewchuk, grandson of Mike Shewchuk.
Nicholai (Nick) operated an agricultural implement business in Bellis, AB. Upon moving back to Willingdon, AB, he established “Doris Services” (an agricultural implement business), was a grain buyer, and was an agent for the Alberta Treasury Branch. Throughout this time he also served as Justice of the Peace for the Willingdon District. Upon retirement he was appointed Provincial Magistrate for the Vegerville, Smoky Lake District until his passing in 1968 at age 66.